| LAST NAME |
FIRST NAME |
DATE OF BIRTH / DATE OF DEATH |
PLACE OF BIRTH |
1942 TIOGA COUNTY RESIDENCE |
| Beach |
Floyd F |
12 May 1894 |
Mansfield, Pennsylvania |
Covington |
| Beach |
Jay B |
27 Sep 1892 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Sabinsville |
| Beach |
Merl Alexander |
15 Jan 1894 |
Little Marsh, Pennsylvania |
Tioga |
| Beach |
Stephen Stanley |
11 Aug 1895 |
Richmond Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Beaderman |
Andrew Frank |
4 Jul 1877 |
Poland |
Morris Run |
| Beagle |
James Irvin |
27 Dec 1881 |
Salladasburg, Lycoming Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Beals |
Charles Ammon |
16 Jun 1887 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Beals |
Wilmer Leon |
1 Jun 1895 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Bean |
Forrest E |
14 Mar 1881 |
Centerville, New York |
Knoxville |
| Beard |
Guy William |
6 Nov 1891 |
Osceola, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Beard |
Lee Jay |
15 Mar 1885 |
Elkland, Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Beardslee |
Henry Charles |
30 Sep 1889 |
Sullivan, Pennsylvania |
Rutland Twp, Mansfield |
| Beauter |
William Ernest |
14 Mar 1895 |
Dutch Hollow, Pennsylvania |
Delmar Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bebout |
George Henry |
1 May 1878 |
Woodhull, Steuben Co., New York |
Knoxville |
| Beck |
Emerson Jay |
2 Aug 1889 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Liberty |
| Beck |
Gideon Albert |
1 Feb 1882 |
Lycoming Co., Pennsylvania |
Liberty Twp, Liberty |
| Beck |
Harry |
11 Sep 1889 |
Lycoming Co., Pennsylvania |
Liberty Boro |
| Beck |
Lawrence |
7 Nov 1891 |
West Branch, Ogemaw Co., Michigan |
Gaines |
| Beck |
Luke Jacob |
19 Mar 1893 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Liberty |
| Beckwith |
Albert |
12 Jan 1886 |
Rome, New York |
Wellsboro |
| Beckwith |
Lee |
13 Oct 1882 (Deceased 21 July
1945) |
Ansonia, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bederman |
William Walter |
27 Jan 1885 (Deceased 30 Mar
1944) |
Blossburg, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Beebe |
Claude Judson |
10 Jun 1892 |
Campbell, New York |
Knoxville |
| Beebe |
George Morgan |
23 Jan 1883 |
Farmington Twp, Pennsylvania |
Farmington Twp, Nelson |
| Beechey |
John |
9 Sep 1886 |
Morris Run, Pennsylvania |
Morris Run |
| Beggs |
John Reginald |
20 Oct 1894 |
Nihow Central Province, British
India |
Middlebury Center |
| Behrman |
John B |
27 Apr 1888 |
Warren, Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Bein |
Micheal |
Sep 1881 |
Mylsma Opacka, Poland |
Arnot |
| Beiver |
Claude H |
19 Sep 1885 |
Farmington Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Farmington Twp |
| Beiver |
Clyde Alfred |
15 Feb 1887 |
Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Lawrenceville |
| Belknap |
Charles Edward |
20 Aug 1889 |
Niles Valley, Pennsylvania |
|
| Bell |
Sylvester |
6 Oct 1885 |
Troopsburg, New York |
Westfield |
| Bell |
William Amos |
9 Jan 1881 |
Troopsburg, New York |
Westfield |
| Belletto |
Joseph Vincent |
10 Apr 1892 |
Stokesdale, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Bellinger |
Fred A |
22 Nov 1892 |
Charleston Twp, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bellinger |
Ralph |
28 Feb 1892 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bellinger |
Ray Adelbert |
30 Jul 1889 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bement |
Ernest |
19 Mar 1883 |
Jackson Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Lawrenceville |
| Benaver |
Harry Acle |
7 Sep 1882 |
Delmar Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Delmar Twp, Wellsboro |
| Benedict |
William Custer |
4 Jun 1887 |
Canton, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Benjamin |
Frank Eugene |
25 Feb 1893 (Deceased 7 July
1945) |
Charleston Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Charleston Twp, Wellsboro |
| Benjamin |
John Evan |
14 Apr 1885 |
Antrim, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Benjamin |
Robert Lynn |
22 May 1881 |
Wellsboro, TiogaCo., Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bennett |
Claude E |
30 May 1879 |
Bath, New York |
Wellsboro |
| Bennett |
Clive Walter |
12 Feb 1897 |
Clymer Twp Tioga Co, Pennsylvania |
Delmar Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bennett |
Elwyn Amos |
21 Feb 1891 |
Troupsburg, Steuben, New York |
Knoxville |
| Bennett |
Fred Henry |
10 Feb 1880 |
Akron, Ohio |
Mansfield |
| Bennett |
Howard Lee |
24 Sep 1895 |
Sabinsville, Pennsylvania |
Sabinsville |
| Bennett |
Lester Henry |
6 Mar 1894 |
Lock Haven, Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Bennett |
Simon Frank |
16 Aug 1893 |
Westfield, Pennsylvania |
Westfield |
| Benniewiz |
Enoch Joseph |
17 Aug 1879 |
Poland |
Elkland |
| Benson |
Bert |
2 Aug 1880 |
Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Lawrence Twp |
| Benson |
Carl George |
27 Sep 1877 |
Sweden |
Arnot |
| Benson |
Elmer Lyman |
6 Jun 1879 |
Rutland, Pennsylvania |
Millerton |
| Benson |
Finley Lynn |
5 Jun 1887 |
Rutland Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Crooked Creek, Tioga Co |
| Benson |
George Otis |
26 Apr 1891 |
Rutland Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Rutland Twp, Mansfield |
| Benson |
Halsey Lyman |
7 Jan 1881 |
Rutland Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Benson |
Harry Clifford |
12 Feb 1894 |
Arnot, Pennsylvania |
Arnot |
| Benson |
Jerome Eaton |
24 May 1895 |
Rutland, Pennsylvania |
Rutland Twp |
| Benson |
John Falcon |
19 Jan 1883 |
Rutland Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Rutland Twp |
| Benson |
Oswald Burton |
2 Nov 1894 |
Ward Twp, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Sullivan Twp, Mansfield |
| Benson |
Samuel |
14 Jun 1878 |
Rutland Twp, Pennsylvania |
Tioga Twp, Tioga |
| Bentley |
Ralph Edmund |
12 Jul 1894 |
Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Berg |
Charles Oscar |
12 Nov 1894 |
Clearfield, Pennsylvania |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Berger |
Jacob |
22 Aug 1880 |
New York, New York |
Delmar Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bergh |
Albin Herbert |
30 Jan 1888 |
Arnot, Pennsylvania |
Tioga |
| Bergh |
Axel Herman |
3 Apr 1880 |
Segerstad, Sweden |
Tioga |
| Bergh |
Oscar Walter |
15 Jun 1891 |
Osceola, Pennsylvania |
Tioga |
| Berguson |
August W |
9 Jan 1892 |
Landrus, Pennsylvania |
Arnot |
| Berguson |
Charles |
22 Apr 1885 |
Landrus, Pennsylvania |
Arnot |
| Berguson |
Elmer |
12 Apr 1880 |
Faulkenburgh, Sweden |
Blossburg |
| Berguson |
John |
18 Jun 1889 |
Landrus, Pennsylvania |
Arnot |
| Bernardo |
Salvatore |
6 Mar 1888 |
Getraro, Italy |
Elkland |
| Bernhardt |
Valentine Jacob |
18 Jun 1890 |
Galeton, Pennsylvania |
Crooked Creek, Tioga |
| Bernkopf |
Ivan Max |
15 Apr 1886 |
Wellsboro, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bertch |
Fred William |
12 Sep 1893 |
North Bingham, Pennsylvania |
Cowanesque |
| Bertch |
James C |
7 Feb 1892 |
Cowanesque, Pennsylvania |
Brookfield Twp |
| Berthod |
Ray |
25 May 1889 |
Elmira, New York |
Rutland Boro |
| Bertin |
Eugene Peter |
3 Mar 1896 |
Williamsport, Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Bertsche |
Arnold |
23 Mar 1886 |
Antrim, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Antrim |
| Bertsche |
Eugene |
1 Mar 1880 |
Bairn, Switzerland |
Wellsboro |
| Besanceney |
Walter Manford |
20 Jun 1893 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bessemer |
Depuy Schuyler |
21 Aug 1886 |
North Barton, New York |
Knoxville |
| Betro |
Dominic |
11 Apr 1878 |
Italy |
Elkland |
| Beuter |
Raymond Frederick |
28 Dec 1895 |
Charleston, Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Beyer |
Lenord Keyser |
16 Nov 1896 |
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Bianco |
Anthony Z |
12 May 1877 |
Italy |
Elkland |
| Birdsall |
James Charles |
15 Sep 1895 |
Barclay, Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Birriolo |
Raymond Joseph Sr. |
4 Jul 1880 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bixby |
Ernest Oakley |
30 May 1877 |
Sylvania, Pennsylvania |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Bixby |
Rome Theodore |
30 Jul 1887 |
Sylvania, Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Black |
Edward Clifton |
27 Jun 1885 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Liberty |
| Black |
Henry Arthur |
24 Nov 1877 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Liberty |
| Black |
Norman Jeremiah |
22 May 1882 |
Liberty, Pennsylvania |
Liberty |
| Blackwell |
Arnold L |
5 Jul 1893 |
Blackwells, Pennsylvania |
Morris |
| Blackwell |
Arthur H |
9 Mar 1884 |
Morris, Pennsylvania |
Morris |
| Blackwell |
Claude Wellwood |
20 May 1889 |
Morris, Pennsylvania |
Morris |
| Blackwell |
Clinton Arthur |
18 Jun 1886 |
Morris Twp, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Blackwell |
Harry Raymond |
1 Jun 1879 |
Blackwell, Pennsylvania |
Morris |
| Blackwell |
Robert Mial |
9 Aug 1884 |
Morris, Pennsylvania |
Morris |
| Blackwell |
Wills |
24 Jun 1896 |
Morris, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Morris Twp |
| Blake |
Charles Arthur |
8 Jan 1878 |
Yates Co., New York |
Leolyn, Tioga Co. |
| Blanchard |
Fred Johnathan |
17 Jul 1879 |
Covington, Pennsylvania |
Putnam Twp, Covington |
| Blanchard |
Myron |
13 Mar 1892 |
Osceola, Pennsylvania |
Osceola |
| Blanchard |
Oliver Samuel |
23 Feb 1887 |
Manchester, Kingsbury, South
Dakota |
Farmington Twp, Tioga Co. |
| Blazs |
George Mike |
24 Apr 1889 |
Lithuania |
Arnot |
| Blend |
Archie M |
14 Jan 1894 |
Corning, New York |
Lawrenceville |
| Bliss |
Earl Lyman |
22 Feb 1892 |
Charleston Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bliss |
Frank Ernest |
13 Jun 1886 |
Round Top, Pennsylvania |
Charleston Two |
| Bliss |
Fred Dwight |
27 May 1880 (Deceased 24 Sept
1943) |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bliss |
Jesse |
12 Sep 1894 |
Chatham Twp, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bliss |
Newell |
5 Feb 1885 |
Nelson, Pennsylvania |
Westfield |
| Bliss |
William Reid |
11 Jan 1896 |
Charleston Twp Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bloom |
Wright |
27 Aug 1895 |
Deerfield Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Blower |
John Elmer |
3 Sep 1894 |
Newtown, Pennsylvania |
Morris Run |
| Boardman |
Hamilton Martan |
25 Dec 1881 |
Clymer Twp, Pennsylvania |
Clymer Twp |
| Bockus |
Alfred James |
30 Dec 1892 |
Delmar Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Shippen Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bockus |
Elmer Sanford |
11 May 1877 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Middlebury, Tioga Co. |
| Bodine |
Arthur Stanley |
16 Aug 1880 |
Wellsboro, Pennsylvania |
Delmar Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bodine |
Henry Ellis |
31 Aug 1878 |
Morris Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bogaczyk |
Jacob Andrew |
1 Jul 1888 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Covington |
| Bogaczyk |
Vincient Bruno |
4 Jul 1893 |
Morris Run, Pennsylvania |
Covington Twp, Blossburg |
| Bogaczyk |
Walter Chester |
10 Jun 1895 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bogart |
Earl Norman |
25 Jul 1896 |
Seabring, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bogh |
John |
21 Oct 1893 |
Denmark |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Boinske |
John |
14 Mar 1892 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Boinski |
Frank Anthony |
6 Jan 1896 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bois |
Cornelius Eugene |
30 Oct 1884 |
Knoxville, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Bolt |
Earl |
19 Mar 1888 |
Mainesburg, Pennsylvania |
Ward Twp, Morris Run |
| Bolt |
Edward Franklin |
6 Apr 1895 |
Sullivan Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Sullivan Twp, Mainesburg |
| Bolt |
John Hancock |
29 May 1877 |
Sullivan Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Ward Twp, Morris Run |
| Bolt |
Llewellyn |
15 Apr 1881 |
Mainesburg, Pennsylvania |
Holliday, Tioga RD1 |
| Bombary |
Vincent Frank |
31 Mar 1898 |
Morris Run, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bombaski |
George |
22 Feb 1888 |
Morris Run, Pennsylvania |
Morris Run |
| Bomberski |
William M |
27 Feb 1886 |
Morris Run, Pennsylvania |
Morris Run |
| Bonik |
Joseph Frank |
19 Mar 1883 |
Mshana, Poland |
Charleston Two, Wellsboro |
| Bonnell |
Daniel |
15 Jan 1880 |
Morris, Pennsylvania |
Liberty Twp, Pennsylvania |
| Bonney |
James Roy |
16 Nov 1882 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg, Tioga Co. |
| Boom |
Ehle H |
20 Sep 1894 |
Deerfield Twp, Tioga Co. |
Middlebury Center |
| Boom |
Harry Earl |
18 Dec 1887 |
Sabinsville, Pennsylvania |
Deerfield Twp, Knoxville |
| Boom |
Ray Eugene |
20 Nov 1883 |
Clymer Twp, Pennsylvania |
Westfield |
| Boom |
Rex |
12 May 1895 |
Gaines, Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Boom |
William Francis |
27 Jun 1877 |
Knoxville, Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Booth |
Howard Russell |
24 Aug 1881 |
Mannington, West Virginia |
Liberty Twp, |
| Booth |
Raymond |
17 Aug 1894 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Booth |
Thomas Howard |
17 Mar 1890 |
Blossburg, Pennsylvania |
Arnot |
| Borden |
Carl Baxter |
16 Sep 1888 |
Delmar, Pennsylvania |
Crooked Creek, Tioga Co |
| Borden |
Rupert Vandyle |
23 May 1895 |
Shortsville, Pennsylvania |
Crooked Creek, Tioga Co |
| Borden |
Victor Alexander |
1 Dec 1881 |
Borden, New York |
Westfield |
| Borgsen |
Bernard Herman |
12 Feb 1886 |
Halmstrand, Norway |
Delmar, Wellsboro |
| Bost |
Martin Joseph |
9 Jun 1882 |
Austinburg, Pennsylvania |
Nelson Twp, Elkland |
| Bostwick |
Fred |
27 Mar 1894 |
Westfield , Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Knoxville Boro |
| Bostwick |
John |
13 Dec 1877 |
Nelson, Pennsylvania |
Elkland |
| Boucher |
Arthur Joseph |
24 Jul 1893 |
Chateaugay, New York |
Richmond Twp, Mansfield |
| Bowen |
Alfred M |
29 Apr 1889 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Tioga |
| Bowen |
Burr Johshua |
6 Oct 1887 |
Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bowen |
Harry De Forest |
5 Jul 1885 |
Delmar, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bowen |
Jay Norton |
22 Oct 1884 |
Charleston Twp, Pennsylvania |
Charleston Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bowen |
Ransom Wheeler |
16 Apr 1885 |
Charleston Twp, Pennsylvania |
Charleston Twp, Wellsboro |
| Bower |
Charles Samuel |
30 May 1890 (Deceased 9 May
1943) |
Caton, Steuben Co., New York |
Covington Twp |
| Bower |
Wesley Hunter |
26 May 1891 |
Arnot, Pennsylvania |
Blossburg |
| Bowers |
Charles James |
24 Apr 1894 |
Jasper, New York |
Blossburg |
| Bowers |
Charles Whitman |
18 Sep 1887 |
Antrim, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bowers |
George |
26 Feb 1893 |
Antrim, Pennsylvania |
Delmar |
| Bowers |
James |
31 Jul 1892 |
Antrim, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bowers |
Newell |
14 Feb 1895 |
Antrim, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Bowers |
Walter Daniel |
2 Jun 1887 |
Troupsburg, Steuben Co., New York |
Knoxville |
| Bowman |
George Edward |
14 Apr 1882 |
Elmira, New York |
Blossburg |
| Boyce |
Jay |
21 Dec 1886 |
Union Twp, Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Boyce |
John Leonard |
18 Nov 1896 |
Canton, Pennsylvania |
Leolyn |
| Boyce |
Lewis Bert |
20 Mar 1891 |
Wellsboro, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Boyce |
Willard Clayton |
9 Mar 1879 |
Chatham Twp, Pennsylvania |
Deerfield Twp, Knoxville |
| Boyd |
Charles Adelbert |
31 Jul 1894 |
Dushore, Sullivan Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Boyden |
Edwin Addison |
1 Feb 1879 |
Delmar Twp, Tioga Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Delmar Twp, Tioga Co., |
| Boyden |
Flynn Charles |
24 Mar 1881 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Sullivan Twp, Mainesburg |
| Boyden |
Horace Packer |
15 Aug 1888 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Delmar Twp, Tioga Co., |
| Brace |
Fred Daniel |
13 May 1879 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Brace |
George |
9 Sep 1879 |
Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Brace |
Roy J |
10 Jun 1888 |
Rutland Twp, Pennsylvania |
Mansfield |
| Bradford |
Richard Chauncey |
29 Aug 1892 |
Tioga Co, Pennsylvania |
Sullivan Twp, Mainesburg |
| Bradley |
Chancey Donald |
2 Mar 1896 |
Asaph, Pennsylvania |
Middlebury Center |
| Bradley |
Fayette Clair |
10 Nov 1896 |
Binghamton, Broome Co., New York |
Millerton |
| Bradshaw |
Henry William |
13 Jul 1882 |
Big Flats, New York |
Jackson Twp, Lawrenceville |
| Bradshaw |
Leon J Sr. |
25 Jan 1885 |
Big Flats, New York |
Lawrence Twp, Tioga |
| Brague |
John Edward |
10 Dec 1882 |
Antrim, Pennsylvania |
Arnot |
| Brandt |
Edgar Loy |
10 Dec 1892 |
Newport, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Brann |
James Michael |
5 Sep 1883 |
Fall Brook, Pennsylvania |
Antrim |
| Brant |
Arthur Glen |
14 Aug 1877 |
Lawrence Twp, Pennsylvania |
Lawrence Twp, Tioga |
| Brant |
Frank E |
25 Dec 1887 (Deceased 10 Feb
1945) |
Lawrence Twp, Pennsylvania |
Lawrence Twp, Lawrenceville |
| Brass |
Cowden John |
30 Dec 1892 |
Osceola, Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Brass |
Nelson Rowley |
22 Dec 1895 |
Lycoming, Pennsylvania |
Knoxville, Tioga Co |
| Brasted |
Delbert Clemens |
5 Dec 1885 |
Steuben Co., New York |
Mansfield |
| Bravo |
Lewis C |
22 Feb 1878 |
Steuben Co., New York |
Lawrence Twp, Tioga Co. |
| Bray |
William |
27 Jan 1890 |
Manchester, England |
Wellsboro |
| Brazda |
Daniel Steven |
7 Dec 1895 |
Dodge, Nebraska |
Blossburg |
| Brecher |
William |
30 Apr 1883 |
Elk Twp, Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Gaines |
| Breitenbach |
John Franklin |
4 Dec 1879 (Deceased 6 Feb 1945) |
Williamsport, Pennsylvania |
Liberty Boro |
| Breunle |
Norris Lloyd |
5 Aug 1888 |
Coudersport, Potter Co.,
Pennsylvania |
Knoxville |
| Brewer |
George Nichols |
1 Feb 1892 |
Arnot, Pennsylvania |
Wellsboro |
| Brewester |
Luther Clark |
30 Jan 1894 |
Tioga Co., Pennsylvania |
Jackson Twp, Lawrenceville |
| Brewster |
Frank Ivan |
13 Dec 1883 |
Tioga, Pennsylvania |
Crooked Creek |